Fertility in Livestock, Oestrus, Parturition & Milk Secretion | Animal Husbandry

By Skumar -

 Fertility in Livestock, Oestrus, Parturition & Milk Secretion | Animal Husbandry

🔹 PART 1: Measures & Factors Affecting Fertility in Livestock

1. Fertility in livestock mainly refers to:

A) Milk yield
B) Growth rate
C) Ability to reproduce
D) Body weight

Answer: C
Explanation: Fertility means the animal’s ability to conceive, carry pregnancy, and give birth successfully.

2. The most important factor affecting fertility is:

A) Colour
B) Nutrition
C) Horn size
D) Tail length

Answer: B
Explanation: Balanced nutrition ensures proper hormone production and reproductive health.

3. Deficiency of which mineral causes infertility?

A) Calcium
B) Phosphorus
C) Iron
D) Sodium

Answer: B
Explanation: Phosphorus deficiency delays puberty and causes repeat breeding.

4. Heat stress reduces fertility because:

A) It increases feed intake
B) It damages reproductive hormones
C) It increases milk
D) It improves ovulation

Answer: B
Explanation: High temperature reduces hormone secretion and embryo survival.

5. Ideal Body Condition Score (BCS) for good fertility in cattle:

A) 1–2
B) 2–3
C) 3–3.5
D) 5

Answer: C
Explanation: Moderate body condition supports better conception rate.

6. Repeat breeding is mainly due to:

A) Poor management
B) Proper AI
C) Vaccination
D) Deworming

Answer: A
Explanation: Poor timing of insemination and infections cause repeat breeding.

7. Age at puberty in cows is affected by:

A) Nutrition
B) Genetics
C) Environment
D) All of the above

Answer: D
Explanation: Puberty depends on breed, feeding, and climate.

8. Uterine infection reduces fertility by:

A) Improving ovulation
B) Killing sperm
C) Increasing milk
D) Improving immunity

Answer: B
Explanation: Infection damages uterus and prevents fertilization.

9. Good fertility can be maintained by:

A) Balanced feeding
B) Vaccination
C) Heat detection
D) All

Answer: D
Explanation: Proper management improves conception rate.

10. Genetic selection improves fertility by:

A) Selecting high fertile animals
B) Increasing disease
C) Reducing feed
D) None

Answer: A
Explanation: Selecting animals with good reproductive records increases herd fertility.

🔹 PART 2: Reproductive Behaviour – Oestrus

11. Oestrus is also called:

A) Pregnancy
B) Heat period
C) Lactation
D) Dry period

Answer: B
Explanation: Oestrus is the period when female is sexually receptive.

12. Average oestrous cycle in cow:

A) 7 days
B) 14 days
C) 21 days
D) 30 days

Answer: C
Explanation: Cow has 21-day cycle.

13. Standing to be mounted is the sign of:

A) Pregnancy
B) Oestrus
C) Calving
D) Abortion

Answer: B
Explanation: Standing heat is the most reliable sign.

14. Hormone responsible for heat signs:

A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) Insulin
D) Oxytocin

Answer: B
Explanation: Estrogen causes heat symptoms.

15. Ovulation in cow occurs:

A) Before heat
B) During heat
C) After heat
D) During pregnancy

Answer: C
Explanation: Ovulation occurs 10–14 hours after heat ends.

16. Mucus discharge during heat is due to:

A) Estrogen
B) Testosterone
C) Insulin
D) Cortisol

Answer: A
Explanation: Estrogen stimulates mucus secretion.

17. Best time for AI in cow:

A) Early heat
B) Mid heat
C) 12 hours after heat detection
D) During pregnancy

Answer: C
Explanation: AM-PM rule ensures proper fertilization timing.

18. Silent heat means:

A) No ovulation
B) No visible heat signs
C) No pregnancy
D) No milk

Answer: B
Explanation: Ovulation occurs but signs are weak.

19. Teaser bull is used for:

A) Milk
B) Heat detection
C) Slaughter
D) Grazing

Answer: B
Explanation: Helps identify animals in heat.

20. Oestrus cycle has how many phases?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Answer: C
Explanation: Proestrus, Estrus, Metestrus, Diestrus.

🔹 PART 3: Parturition

21. Parturition means:

A) Fertilization
B) Calving
C) Heat
D) Milking

Answer: B
Explanation: Parturition is giving birth.

22. Hormone responsible for milk let-down:

A) Estrogen
B) Oxytocin
C) Progesterone
D) LH

Answer: B
Explanation: Oxytocin contracts uterus and milk ducts.

23. Gestation period in cow:

A) 150 days
B) 200 days
C) 280 days
D) 365 days

Answer: C
Explanation: About 280 days.

24. Relaxin hormone helps in:

A) Milk production
B) Relaxing pelvic ligaments
C) Heat
D) Digestion

Answer: B
Explanation: Prepares birth canal.

25. Stages of parturition:

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Answer: C
Explanation: Dilation, expulsion of fetus, expulsion of placenta.

26. Retained placenta occurs when:

A) Placenta not expelled
B) Milk increases
C) Heat occurs
D) Ovulation stops

Answer: A

27. Uterine contraction is stimulated by:

A) Oxytocin
B) Insulin
C) Glucose
D) Fat

Answer: A

28. Dystocia means:

A) Easy birth
B) Difficult birth
C) Fast milk
D) Heat

Answer: B

29. First milk is called:

A) Cream
B) Colostrum
C) Whey
D) Butter

Answer: B
Explanation: Rich in antibodies.

30. Colostrum is important for:

A) Growth only
B) Immunity
C) Fat
D) Colour

Answer: B

🔹 PART 4: Mammary Gland & Milk Secretion

31. Milk is produced in:

A) Teat
B) Alveoli
C) Horn
D) Hoof

Answer: B

32. Hormone responsible for milk production:

A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) LH
D) FSH

Answer: A

33. Milk ejection reflex is controlled by:

A) Brain
B) Kidney
C) Liver
D) Heart

Answer: A

34. Mammary gland is modified:

A) Sweat gland
B) Salivary gland
C) Digestive gland
D) Thyroid

Answer: A

35. Milk contains:

A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Lactose
D) All

Answer: D

36. Mastitis affects:

A) Uterus
B) Mammary gland
C) Heart
D) Lung

Answer: B

37. Lactation period in cow:

A) 100 days
B) 200 days
C) 305 days
D) 500 days

Answer: C

38. Milk secretion is stimulated by:

A) Suckling
B) Stress
C) Heat
D) Disease

Answer: A

39. Dry period means:

A) No milk
B) Heat
C) Pregnancy
D) Illness

Answer: A

40. Casein is:

A) Fat
B) Sugar
C) Milk protein
D) Mineral

Answer: C

🔹 ADVANCED MCQs

41. Corpus luteum secretes:

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Oxytocin
D) Prolactin

Answer: B

42. High progesterone prevents:

A) Pregnancy
B) Ovulation
C) Milk
D) Growth

Answer: B

43. Fertility is highest when insemination is done:

A) Too early
B) Too late
C) At proper time
D) During pregnancy

Answer: C

44. Negative energy balance affects:

A) Milk only
B) Fertility
C) Horn growth
D) Hair

Answer: B

45. Placenta provides:

A) Oxygen
B) Nutrients
C) Waste removal
D) All

Answer: D

46. Milking twice daily helps:

A) Reduce milk
B) Increase milk
C) Stop milk
D) None

Answer: B

47. Stress hormone affecting fertility:

A) Cortisol
B) Oxytocin
C) Prolactin
D) LH

Answer: A

48. Lactose synthesis occurs in:

A) Blood
B) Alveolar cells
C) Teat canal
D) Hoof

Answer: B

49. Proper hygiene prevents:

A) Mastitis
B) Fertility
C) Milk
D) Growth

Answer: A

50. The key measure to improve fertility is:

A) Good management
B) Poor feeding
C) Stress
D) Disease

Answer: A

Livestock Production & Management-Test series 1


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