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  TECHNOLOGY OF MILK & MILK PRODUCTS TEST SERIES – MCQ PRACTICE SET-1 SECTION-A: MILK – BASIC COMPOSITION & PROPERTIES Q1. Average fat percentage in cow milk is A. 2.5% B. 3.0% C. 3.5% D. 4.5% ✅ Ans: C Q2. Major protein present in milk is A. Albumin B. Globulin C. Casein D. Lactoglobulin ✅ Ans: C Q3. Lactose is a A. Monosaccharide B. Disaccharide C. Polysaccharide D. Reducing alcohol ✅ Ans: B Q4. pH of fresh milk is approximately A. 5.2 B. 5.8 C. 6.6 D. 7.4 ✅ Ans: C Q5. Specific gravity of milk ranges between A. 1.000 – 1.010 B. 1.015 – 1.020 C. 1.028 – 1.034 D. 1.040 – 1.050 ✅ Ans: C 🧪 SECTION-B: HEAT TREATMENT & PROCESSING Q6. Pasteurization temperature for HTST milk is A. 63°C for 30 min B. 72°C for 15 sec C. 85°C for 10 sec D. 100°C for 5 sec ✅ Ans: B Q7. LTLT pasteurization is also known as A. Flash method B. Holder method C. UHT method D. Sterilization ✅ Ans: B Q8. Purpose of pasteurization is to A. Improve...

  Livestock Management- Terminology Terminology Used in Livestock Management & Important Breeds of Cattle and Buffalo (ICAR | MCAER | Agriculture Competitive Exams) 📘 PART–1: Terminology Used in Livestock Management Understanding livestock terminology is very important for MCQs , as many questions are direct definition-based . 🔹 Common Terminologies Livestock: Domesticated animals raised for milk, meat, draught, wool, eggs, etc. Herd: Group of cattle or buffaloes. Flock: Group of sheep or goats. Calf: Young one of cattle or buffalo (up to 1 year). Heifer: Female cattle that has not yet calved. Cow: Adult female cattle after first calving. Bull: Adult male cattle used for breeding. Bullock/Ox: Castrated male cattle used for draught work. Steer: Castrated male cattle used mainly for meat. Lactation: Period during which animal secretes milk after calving. Dry period: Period between two lactations when milk secretion stops. Ges...

  Culling of Goats: When, Why & How to Remove Unproductive Goats for Maximum Profit  Introduction Culling is an essential management practice in goat farming that ensures the long-term productivity, health, and profitability of the herd. While many farmers view culling as a difficult decision, it is a scientifically guided process that helps maintain a strong and efficient herd. In simple terms, culling refers to the removal of unproductive, diseased, or undesirable goats from the herd. This practice allows farmers to optimize resources, improve genetic quality, and prevent economic losses. This comprehensive guide will help you understand why, when, and how to cull goats effectively , along with best practices for ethical and profitable herd management. Also Read:  Complete Guide to Feeding Goats: Nutrition, Diet Plan & Feeding Tips for Profitable Goat Farming What is Culling in Goat Farming? Culling is the process of selectively removing goats that do not meet t...

  Importance of Livestock in the National Economy  Introduction Livestock plays a vital role in the national economy of India , contributing significantly to agriculture, employment, nutrition, and rural livelihoods . India has one of the largest livestock populations in the world , and the livestock sector supports millions of farmers, especially small and marginal farmers . To strengthen this sector, the Government of India has launched several livestock development programmes aimed at improving productivity, health, and income. Importance of Livestock in the National Economy 1️⃣ Contribution to National Income Livestock contributes around 30% to the agricultural GDP Provides steady income throughout the year Acts as a financial security during crop failure 2️⃣ Employment Generation Provides employment to millions of rural households Involves activities like: Animal rearing Milk production Meat, wool & egg processing Women play a m...

  Study of Cleaning and Sanitization of Dairy Equipment Introduction Cleaning and sanitization of dairy equipment is a critical operation in the dairy industry . Milk is an excellent medium for microbial growth; therefore, improper cleaning can lead to spoilage, food-borne diseases, off-flavours, reduced shelf life, and economic loss . This study explains the principles, methods, chemicals, and steps involved in effective cleaning and sanitization of dairy equipment . Importance of Cleaning & Sanitization in Dairy Plants Prevents microbial contamination Maintains milk quality and safety Prevents formation of milk stone Increases equipment life Essential for FSSAI and quality standards Reduces product spoilage and wastage Difference Between Cleaning and Sanitization Aspect                       Cleaning                          ...