Spotters (Strict Practical Format)

By Skumar -

 

Spotters (Strict Practical Format)

1. Lactometer

Name: Lactometer
Identification: Glass hydrometer with graduated scale
Use: To determine specific gravity of milk
Principle: Floats in milk according to density; higher solids increase density

2. Lactometer Jar

Name: Lactometer jar
Identification: Tall cylindrical glass jar
Use: Holds milk sample while taking lactometer reading

3. Thermometer

Name: Thermometer
Identification: Glass or digital temperature measuring device
Use: Measures milk temperature for correction of lactometer reading

4. Gerber Butyrometer

Name: Gerber butyrometer
Identification: Graduated glass tube with bulb at one end
Use: Determines fat percentage in milk
Principle: Sulphuric acid digests protein releasing fat which is measured volumetrically

5. Gerber Centrifuge

Name: Gerber centrifuge
Identification: Electrically operated rotating machine
Use: Separates fat from milk during Gerber test

6. Sulphuric Acid

Name: Sulphuric acid
Identification: Colorless, oily liquid
Use: Dissolves milk proteins in fat determination
Principle: Digests non-fat solids allowing fat separation

7. Iso-amyl Alcohol

Name: Iso-amyl alcohol
Identification: Colorless liquid with strong odor
Use: Aids in fat separation and prevents charring

8. Water Bath

Name: Water bath
Identification: Thermostatically controlled container
Use: Maintains 65°C during fat reading

9. Alcohol Test Apparatus

Name: Alcohol test apparatus
Identification: Test tube and alcohol solution
Use: Tests heat stability of milk
Principle: High acidity milk coagulates in alcohol

10. Clot on Boiling Test Tube

Name: COB test tube
Identification: Glass test tube
Use: Detects high acidity in milk
Principle: Acidic milk coagulates on boiling

11. Milk Sampling Bottle

Name: Milk sampling bottle
Identification: Glass/plastic bottle with tight cap
Use: Collects and stores milk samples

12. Dip Sampler

Name: Dip sampler
Identification: Stainless steel rod with cup
Use: Collects representative milk samples

13. Phenolphthalein Indicator

Name: Phenolphthalein indicator
Identification: Colorless indicator solution
Use: Indicates end point in acidity test
Principle: Turns faint pink in alkaline medium

14. Burette

Name: Burette
Identification: Graduated glass tube with stopcock
Use: Dispenses NaOH during titration

15. Pipette

Name: Pipette
Identification: Narrow calibrated glass tube
Use: Measures accurate volume of milk

16. Sodium Hydroxide Solution

Name: Sodium hydroxide solution
Identification: Colorless alkaline solution
Use: Neutralizes lactic acid in milk
Principle: Acid-base neutralization reaction

17. pH Paper

Name: pH paper
Identification: Colored indicator strips
Use: Determines pH of milk

18. MBRT Bottle

Name: MBRT bottle
Identification: Glass bottle with rubber stopper
Use: Assesses microbial quality of milk
Principle: Bacteria reduce methylene blue dye

19. Resazurin Dye

Name: Resazurin dye
Identification: Blue colored dye solution
Use: Rapid test for milk quality
Principle: Color change due to microbial activity

20. Milk Can

Name: Milk can
Identification: Aluminium or stainless steel container
Use: Storage and transportation of milk


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